El embarazo adolescente de la Virgen María
Escrito por ocraM el 18.12.2006 | cine, historia, sociedad
Había visto los anuncios de The Nativity Story en los cines, pero no les presté mucha atención. “¿Qué es esto? ¿La Pasión de Cristo: Episodio 1?” “Zzzz…”
Pero leyendo a Laslo Rojas en Extracine me entero que TNS fue dirigida por Catherine Hardwicke, la directora de A los trece, una película de una crudeza un poco cliché, pero muy atractiva y enérgica. Ese buen antecedente me animó a comprar mi entradita para The Nativity Story este fin de semana.
Tsk-tsk.
No cometan el mismo error. Resultó bastante convencional -salvo tres o cuatro escenas bien planteadas-, sin rastro alguno que permita emparentarla con la película anterior de Hardwicke.
Pero…
(nótese el suspenso)
Pero -decía- más allá de su poco vuelo cinematográfico, TNS refresca una serie de tópicos histórico/religiosos que vale la pena revisar.
Para empezar -y corríjanme si me equivoco-, creo que es la primera vez que una película muestra claramente que la Virgen María era casi una niña -se supone que tenía sólo trece años- cuando quedó embarazada. El cálculo de la edad no sólo proviene de viejas tradiciones, sino de un hecho concreto: las mujeres judías de la época se casaban a esa edad.
Pero una de las tradiciones no representadas es la que señala que San José era mucho mayor que María (un evangelio apócrifo menciona, incluso, que al momento de su matrimonio el carpintero tenía noventa años). En la película, José no pasa de los treinta.
También aparecen los tres reyes magos. En TNS no son reyes, tan sólo magos, lo que es correcto según las escrituras. Pero -como a estas alturas ya todo el mundo sabe- nadie nunca dijo que los magos sean tres, como se muestra en el film. Tampoco se mencionó que se llamaran Melchor, Gaspar y Baltazar (nombres que surgieron recién en el siglo VIII). Y menos aún, nadie nunca hizo siquiera la más mínima referencia a que los tres sean graciositos.
La estrella de Belén se presenta en la película como la alineación de dos planetas y una estrella. Esto parece ser un guiño a la vieja teoría de Kepler (debatida hasta la actualidad) acerca de que los magos podrían haberse guiado por una conjunción de Júpiter y Saturno en el año 7 antes de Cristo (en la película son Júpiter y Venus).
(Por cierto, si la fecha de aparición de la estrella de Belén en el año 7 ANTES de Cristo les suena extraña, podrían irse enterando que los cálculos de la mayoría de historiadores sitúan el nacimiento de Jesús entre los años 6 y 4 A.C., no en el año 1. Y olvídense del 25 de diciembre, por favor.)
En fin, el tema da para largo y si alguien conoce alguna tradición no mencionada aquí, está invitado a compartirla. Y aquí les dejo el trailer de The Nativity Story, para que se ahorren el trabajo de ir a verla.
(Dos consejillos: Si quieren ver una película religiosa de verdad, vayan a Polvos y consíganse El Evangelio Según San Mateo, de Pier Paolo Pasolini. Pero si lo que quieren es otra película que muestre el nacimiento de una leyenda, corran al cine y disfruten Casino Royale, la última -y diría yo que definitiva- película de James Bond.)
tags:nativity+story films cine navidad jesus religion youtube mitos evangelios
December 18th, 2006 @ 9:48 pm
No deja de ser interesante toda la información religiosa cristiana, sobre todo si llega a contradecirse y además demuestra algunos fallos historicos, y creencias populares…
Tal vez, me parece, que este tipo de películas (como tu la describes porque no la he visto, y sinceramente no la veré) que demuestra la histotia típica de la natividad de Jesús con un toque de realismo, crueldad y se atreve a romper los esquemas bíblicos…
Por cierto, yo me habia olvidado del 25 de Diciembre…
December 18th, 2006 @ 10:08 pm
Mencionaste que la actriz tambien está embarazada?
Pajiba.com tiene una buena reseña, diciendo que no es nada de lo ordinario, definitivamente no el “acontecimiento del año” como dicen los periodicos.
December 19th, 2006 @ 12:54 am
Hace un tiempo entrevisté a una poetisa, Cecilia Podestá, que tiene un poemario, “La primera anunciación”, donde expone la idea de que el ángel Gabriel se le presenta a José antes que a María advirtiéndolo de lo que sucedería, que María nunca sería su mujer, y que él tendría que sacrificarse como “hombre”. Entonces comienza así el libro: “Yo quiero que ese niño nazca muerto María, poco me importa ser el padre de un salvador…” Ahí también hablá sobre un José anciano y una María de 13 o 14 años, no lo recuerdo, “sacado de los textos apócrifos” -me dijo- de no recuerdo quién. Saludos.
December 19th, 2006 @ 1:03 pm
De haber nacido en diciembre, no habrían habido pastores que acudieran a adorar a Jesús, ya que en la zona hace un frío bastante intenso en esa época del año. Las estimaciones señalan que habría nacido en marzo o abril.
Y la recomendación de Pasolini es imprescindible para cualquier cinemero.
December 19th, 2006 @ 4:28 pm
qué dirá Guille?
December 19th, 2006 @ 9:47 pm
Guille, creo que el pueblo no-tan-vruto te reclama.
December 21st, 2006 @ 11:00 am
Si quieren aprender algo de religión, encontrarán muy buenos documentales en los videos de Google (http://video.google.com/), lo que les sugiero para las búsquedas es: “Beyond Belief”, “Sam Harris”. Ya es tiempo que los peruanos despertemos, y un buen libro para ello sería “The God Delusion” por Richard Dawkins.
Lo siguiente no es SPAM, pero me da flojera traducirlo…
==================================
Good evening everyone. I’m your neighbor David Cowan, and I have the
great pleasure of introducing tonight’s author, Oxford University
Professor Richard Dawkins. His contributions to evolutionary biology
have earned him the Faraday Award, the Kistler Prize, and the Kelvin
Medal.
In the spirit of his late friend Douglas Adams, Professor Dawkins has
launched a campaign, along with allies Michael Shermer, Daniel Dennett
and Penn Jillette, to change the course of history. To understand how,
please permit me 2 minutes to explain how he has already changed the
course of my life.
Here in Silicon Valley we’re acutely aware of the many hackers who
marshal other people’s resources on the internet to suit their own
means. We understand how malicious programmers employ various
technologies to embed viruses in our computers, turning them into
zombies that quietly do the evil programmer’s bidding in the
background or late at night. If you’ve ever scanned your PC for
spyware you know how common and resilient these infections are.
Indeed, without our knowledge, many of our computers at home are so
compromised, inciting them to snoop, steal, spam, phish and infect.
Criminals regularly rent entire networks of zombies-often 50,000 PC’s
strong. For example, they might instruct their rented zombies to
simultaneously overwhelm the servers of a particular web site until
such time as the owner of the web site wires a ransom payment to the
extorters’ Cayman Islands bank account.
Like their organic cousins, computer viruses MUTATE, ATTACK, RESIST
and TRANSMIT. Since there really is an intelligent designer behind
computer viruses, their MUTATIONS are not random-they come in the form
of new instructions downloaded as the viruses regularly re-connect
with the virus Creator.
The ATTACK involves execution of some program that serves the
interests of the Creator, not the PC owner.
The viruses RESIST your anti-virus software sometimes by disabling it,
and also by embedding themselves into your computer in so many
different ways that only one of them needs to survive your anti-virus
defenses for the Creator to re-establish control.
And finally, the virus TRANSMITS to new hosts through email, instant
messages, shared multimedia documents, or so-called worms that burrow
through buggy software.
Obviously you don’t want a zombie in your home-it exposes you to
identity theft, wreaks havoc on others, clogs up your internet
connection, and eventually cripples your computer. Now that’s bad
enough, but we’re here today to hear about a much more dangerous kind
of zombie network…
50,000 computers are a useful resource to steal, but what if instead
one could recruit a zombie army a thousand times larger, and comprised
of human hosts? That would be a formidable resource-one that commands
high rents from businesses, politicians, criminals and military
aggressors.
Of course, people aren’t as pliable as computers-we have our own needs
and desires. To compel us to follow someone else’s ATTACK plan, the
virus Creator would have to fool us into thinking that HIS interests
were actually OUR interests. And to effect MUTATIONS, the Creator must
compel us to return periodically-say, every Sunday-to download new
instructions.
But human beings are smart enough to recognize our own interests,
right? After all, each of us has eyes, ears and a brain at our
disposal. So the virus Creator, borrowing from the 4-step recipe,
would have to somehow RESIST our defenses. He might disable our powers
of observation and our logical faculties by making us feel good about
believing things without evidence, and convincing us that it’s somehow
incorrect, dangerous, a-social or unhealthy to question such leaps of
faith.
Finally, the zombies must feel compelled to TRANSMIT their zombie
status to other hosts. The easiest hosts to infect, of course, are the
people most receptive to new inputs, most gullible, and easiest to
control. And so children are most vulnerable to infection by zombie
viruses.
I wish this were simply science fiction, but it’s not.
I know because I was a child zombie. I was convinced that following
Halachah (literally, the Path), would lead me to Heaven, where all my
needs and desires would be satisfied. I refreshed my programming for
hours every day in synagogue and Talmud class, and aspired to the
loftiest status in my community-a man of faith.
Fortunately, my virus Creator didn’t send me on suicide missions-just
a few protests at the U.N. now and then-but I prepared myself for an
adulthood in which I would serve the Creator, breeding new zombies
along the way.
Luckily, my particular strain of the zombie virus allows for
university education, and it was there that I learned enough history,
sociology, science and comparative religion to diagnose my condition.
As I engaged my powers of observation and logic, I dismissed the
fantasies foisted upon me, and turned my attention instead to
scholarship, sports and girls. But like a child who has learned the
truth about Santa Claus, I went along with the story, afraid to
disappoint my parents. After all, what’s the harm?
As you know, removing most of the spyware in your PC just isn’t good
enough–all it takes is one program to restore allegiance to the
Creator. The same is true in human zombies, and so when I read
Professor Dawkins’ book Devil’s Chaplain-particularly the chapter
titled Viruses of the Mind–I scanned my own programming and found the
zombie virus lying dormant inside me. Approaching fatherhood at the
time, I confronted the reality that if I simply entertain the
possibility of Jehova’s dominion, or even humor those who do, I will
strain my children’s logical faculties, exposing them to the zombie
virus.
So, together with my wife Nathalie, we came out of the closet.
My parents were stunned, but they have accepted me as an Atheist. We
can now raise our children to be critical thinkers, scientists,
independent minds who must do what their parents tell them to do, but
are free to believe only what makes sense to them. When my
six-year-old asked me if the tooth fairy’s real, I challenged him to
figure it out himself. So when his next tooth fell out he stowed it
under his pillow without telling anyone, and in the morning he had his
answer. And even without religion, our children treat people
kindly-not for divine compensation-but to satisfy their natural caring
instincts.
I’ve shared my own story about the impact of our guest’s earlier book,
because in his newest one, The God Delusion, the professor explicitly
challenges his allegedly agnostic readers to stop hiding in the
closet. It’s really okay to come out. Jehova, Jesus and Allah deserve
no more respect than the tooth fairy, Zeus, Santa Claus, or Pooh Bear,
and voicing your honest assessment of ancient fairy tales doesn’t make
you a Communist, an enemy of the state, or even a bad child.
So why does he do this anyway? Why does a great scientist descend from
the higher realm of truth to muck around in human irrationality?
At first Professor Dawkins had simply dismissed and ignored the zombie
viruses that thwart popular support for evolution despite the
overwhelming evidence. But he came to observe that humanity has even
more than science at stake. Religion is a powerful zombie virus that
not only retards science, but also promotes terrorism, precludes
peace, distorts democracy, undermines educators, prohibits stem cell
research, suppresses women’s rights and impoverishes the gullible.
The professor decided it was time to stand up and say out loud not
just that the Emperor has no clothes, but there is no Emperor at all.
Now please join me with gratitude and jubilance in welcoming to our
community the man they call Darwin’s rottweiler. Friends, let’s bring
down the house for that Shameless Infidel, the Trinity of the
Anti-Christ, Dajil, and Apikores all wrapped up into the Great Satan
himself, Dr. Richard Dawkins!
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